英语写作中，每一段都有自己的结构。要将每一句话联系起来，才能表达完整的意思。此时我们要求每一个句子之间的连接与转换(flow)要自然流畅。为此，我们需要清楚地组织您的信息，并使用信号(signalwords)单词来精确地表示您想要表达的内容。前面已经谈到了信号词的用法，那么我们今天要谈谈信息流(flow, information)。

代写分享：英语写作中，每一段都有自己的结构。要将每一句话联系起来，才能表达完整的意思。此时我们要求每一个句子之间的连接与转换(flow)要自然流畅。为此，我们需要清楚地组织您的信息，并使用信号(signalwords)单词来精确地表示您想要表达的内容。前面已经谈到了信号词的用法，那么我们今天要谈谈信息流(flow, information)。

1. 主题和述位 Theme and Rheme

大多数英语句子有两部分:主题( Theme )和述位( Rheme )。主题（Theme）是你已经给你读者介绍过的信息，而述位(Rheme)则是你要想要告诉读者的新信息。在英语中，一般主题（Theme）在句首，述位（Rheme）在句尾。当然这个位置不是固定的，是要跟根据你的前后后句来变。我们这么说可能有点抽象，我们来看几个句子来了解一下：

1. I was born in Glasgow. Glasgow is the largest city in Scotland.

2. I was born in Glasgow. The largest city in Scotland is Glasgow.

这两句话从语法上来说都是对的，但是第一句更符合英语的使用规则，因为the largest city in Scotland 是这句话的rheme,一般是在后面而非前面。

我们再来看一个复杂长句子，

1. In the past 60 years, as many as 65 different classification systems have been developed to define the dimensions of leadership. One suchclassification system is the scheme proposed by Bass (1990, pp. 11-20).

2. In the past 60 years, as many as 65 different classification systems have been developed to define the dimensions of leadership. The scheme proposed by Bass (1990, pp. 11-20) is one such classification system.

这两句从语法上来看都是对的，但是述位一般是在主题后面表现。所以第一句话更符合英文写作规则。

2. 段落中的信息流动

我们在前面看了在句子中如何让自己的想要表达的观点更流畅，现在我们看看如何在段落中如何让自己的观点和论证更流畅。

2.1. 前一句的述位成为下一句的主题

The early feminist movement was greatly influenced by the work on MaryWollstonecraft. She proposed a feminist agenda whose aims were to expose the exclusion of women from traditionally male spheres such as politics, economics, education and religion. These aims became the main focus for religious women in particular in the United States.

主题是 Theearly feminist movement, 述位是Mary Wollstonecraft；然后下一段的主题就是 She，述位是aims；第三句的主题是aims。

2.2. 前一句的主位和后一句的是一样的

Karl Marx was a German philosopher. He was also an economist, historian, political theorist, sociologist, journalist and revolutionary socialist. He was born in Trier to a middle-class family and studied law and Hegelian philosophy. Due to his political publications, Marx became stateless and lived in exile in London, where he continued to develop his thought in collaboration with German thinker Friedrich Engels.

这段话每句话的主题都是Karl Marx, 后面的He都是指代他。

2.3.混合型方式

Darwin’s The origin of species published in 1859 was hugely influential in the field of science and in society in general. Indeed it has often been referred to as the ‘book that shook the world’. The book outlined how there could be a relatively gradual change in the characteristics of successive generations of a species and that higher plants and animals evolved slowly over time from lower beings. This evolution occurred as a result of competition within local interacting communities. Darwin’sbook helped throw the idea that there was a complete difference between humans and the animal world into turmoil as he reinforced the suggestion that humans evolved from lower beings. Prior to this it was believed in the western world, based on biblical works, that humans were created superior to other beings.

这个分析就留给各位去思考吧….

3. 总结

我们今天看了我们除了使用信号词（ si gnal words ） 外，还可以提高句子和段落间的的逻辑顺序来更流畅的 表达我们的信息。 在句子和段落中 清晰流畅表达我们的观点 可以 更容易让读者 读起来更容易 (reader friendl y)。 我们这期就到这里了，我们下一期讨论一下在段落写作中的连贯性（Cohesion ）